SparseArrayQ
SparseArrayQ[s] yields True if s is a valid SparseArray object and False otherwise.
Examples
Test a sparse array:
SparseArrayQ[SparseArray[{1, 0, 0, 2}]]
(* True *)Test a regular list:
SparseArrayQ[{1, 0, 0, 2}]
(* False *)Please visit the official Wolfram Language Reference for more details.