ImageValuePositions
ImageValuePositions[image,val] returns a list of pixel positions in image that exactly match the value val.
ImageValuePositions[image,val,d] returns all pixel positions that have values within a distance d from val.
Examples
Find positions of white pixels:
img = Image[{{0, 1}, {1, 0}}];
ImageValuePositions[img, 1]
(* {{1, 2}, {2, 1}} *)Please visit the official Wolfram Language Reference for more details.