VertexQ
VertexQ[g, v] yields True if v is a vertex in the graph g and False otherwise.
Examples
Check if a vertex exists in a graph:
g = Graph[{1 -> 2, 2 -> 3}];
VertexQ[g, 2]
(* True *)Non-existent vertex:
VertexQ[g, 5]
(* False *)With named vertices:
g = Graph[{"a" -> "b", "b" -> "c"}];
VertexQ[g, "a"]
(* True *)Please visit the official Wolfram Language Reference for more details.